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Gynecomastia: etiologies, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management. [Review]

MedStar author(s):

Citation: South Med J. 107(1):44-9, 2014 Jan.Southern Medical Journal. 107(1):44-9, 2014 Jan.PMID: 24389786Institution: MedStar Good Samaritan HospitalDepartment: Internal MedicineForm of publication: Journal ArticleMedline article type(s): Journal Article | ReviewSubject headings: *Breast/pa [Pathology] | *Gynecomastia | Gynecomastia/di [Diagnosis] | Gynecomastia/et [Etiology] | Gynecomastia/th [Therapy] | Humans | MaleYear: 2014 Local holdings: Available online through MWHC library: 2003 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 1999 - 2006ISSN:

0038-4348

Name of journal: Southern medical journalAbstract: Gynecomastia is a common finding that is present in up to 57% of men. It is caused by proliferation of the mammary glands, which leads to the development of dense subareolar tissue. The condition results from both physiologic (eg, hypogonadism, altered estrogen-to-androgen ratio) and nonphysiologic (eg, drugs, herbal products) causes. Most cases are benign and resolve spontaneously. Treatment is usually unnecessary, although there are specific signs and symptoms that warrant further workup. Psychosocial effects also are of concern, particularly among adolescents. Knowledge of the possible causes of gynecomastia and a thoughtful approach to the patient presenting with this condition can lead to improved outcomes and patient satisfaction. This concise review of the common presentation, etiologies, diagnosis, and treatment of gynecomastia should aid healthcare professionals who may encounter these patients in their practices.All authors: Federman DG, Higgins HW 2nd, Ladizinski B, Lee KC, Nutan FNFiscal year: FY2014Digital Object Identifier:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SMJ.0000000000000033

Date added to catalog: 2016-07-15

Holdings ( 1 )
Title notes ( 3 )

Holdings
Item type	Current library	Collection	Call number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Journal Article	MedStar Authors Catalog	Article	24389786	Available		24389786

Available online through MWHC library: 2003 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 1999 - 2006

Gynecomastia is a common finding that is present in up to 57% of men. It is caused by proliferation of the mammary glands, which leads to the development of dense subareolar tissue. The condition results from both physiologic (eg, hypogonadism, altered estrogen-to-androgen ratio) and nonphysiologic (eg, drugs, herbal products) causes. Most cases are benign and resolve spontaneously. Treatment is usually unnecessary, although there are specific signs and symptoms that warrant further workup. Psychosocial effects also are of concern, particularly among adolescents. Knowledge of the possible causes of gynecomastia and a thoughtful approach to the patient presenting with this condition can lead to improved outcomes and patient satisfaction. This concise review of the common presentation, etiologies, diagnosis, and treatment of gynecomastia should aid healthcare professionals who may encounter these patients in their practices.

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