Immune biomarkers and anti-HIV activity in the reproductive tract of sexually active and sexually inactive adolescent girls.

MedStar author(s):
Citation: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 79(6):e12846, 2018 06.PMID: 29533494Institution: MedStar Health Research Institute | MedStar Washington Hospital CenterDepartment: Obstetrics and Gynecology/Pediatric and AdolescentForm of publication: Journal ArticleMedline article type(s): Journal ArticleSubject headings: *Biomarkers/me [Metabolism] | *Genitalia, Female/im [Immunology] | *Genitalia, Female/me [Metabolism] | *Genitalia, Female/vi [Virology] | *HIV-1/im [Immunology] | *Reproduction/im [Immunology] | *Sexual Behavior/ph [Physiology] | Adolescent | Adult | Cytokines/im [Immunology] | Female | HIV Infections/im [Immunology] | Humans | Inflammation/im [Immunology] | Inflammation/me [Metabolism] | Vaginal Douching/mt [Methods] | Young AdultYear: 2018ISSN:
  • 1046-7408
Name of journal: American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)Abstract: CONCLUSION: Higher pro-inflammatory biomarker TNF-alpha, as well as a distinct inflammation-associated immune clustering in sexually inactive girls, can potentially increase risk for infections including HIV upon sexual debut. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to characterize the immune parameters associated with sexual activity.Copyright (c) 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.METHODS: Cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) was collected from sexually active (10) and inactive (8) girls aged 11-19 years and analyzed by ELISA for inflammation-associated biomarkers IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, MIP-3alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, 2, 7, 8, and 9, as well as anti-HIV mediators, Elafin, SLPI, human beta-defensin 2, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP) 1 and 2. Cervical ectopy was analyzed using Volocity. Anti-HIV activity was determined by TZM-bl assay. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism and R.PROBLEM: Adolescent girls are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, accounting for 22% of all new HIV infections globally. Yet little is known regarding the immune microenvironment of the adolescent female reproductive tract, especially regarding differences among sexually active and inactive girls, a critical parameter to evaluate HIV susceptibility associated with young age and sexual debut.RESULTS: Sexually inactive girls had significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha (P = .029) in CVL compared to sexually active girls. In contrast, sexually active girls showed a trend toward higher levels of IL-1alpha (P = .051) compared to the sexually inactive girls. Heat-map correlations between cervical ectopy and immune biomarkers were also distinct between the 2 populations with significant positive associations between % ectopy and inflammation-associated biomarkers IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-8, MIP-3alpha, MMP-8, and MMP-9 observed in the sexually inactive but not sexually active group.All authors: Biswas R, Daniels J, Emmanuel V, Ghosh M, Gomez-Lobo V, Jais M, Jarin J, Joy C, Juzumaite MFiscal year: FY2018Digital Object Identifier: Date added to catalog: 2018-04-19
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Journal Article MedStar Authors Catalog Article 29533494 Available 29533494

CONCLUSION: Higher pro-inflammatory biomarker TNF-alpha, as well as a distinct inflammation-associated immune clustering in sexually inactive girls, can potentially increase risk for infections including HIV upon sexual debut. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to characterize the immune parameters associated with sexual activity.

Copyright (c) 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

METHODS: Cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) was collected from sexually active (10) and inactive (8) girls aged 11-19 years and analyzed by ELISA for inflammation-associated biomarkers IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, MIP-3alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, 2, 7, 8, and 9, as well as anti-HIV mediators, Elafin, SLPI, human beta-defensin 2, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP) 1 and 2. Cervical ectopy was analyzed using Volocity. Anti-HIV activity was determined by TZM-bl assay. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism and R.

PROBLEM: Adolescent girls are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, accounting for 22% of all new HIV infections globally. Yet little is known regarding the immune microenvironment of the adolescent female reproductive tract, especially regarding differences among sexually active and inactive girls, a critical parameter to evaluate HIV susceptibility associated with young age and sexual debut.

RESULTS: Sexually inactive girls had significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha (P = .029) in CVL compared to sexually active girls. In contrast, sexually active girls showed a trend toward higher levels of IL-1alpha (P = .051) compared to the sexually inactive girls. Heat-map correlations between cervical ectopy and immune biomarkers were also distinct between the 2 populations with significant positive associations between % ectopy and inflammation-associated biomarkers IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-8, MIP-3alpha, MMP-8, and MMP-9 observed in the sexually inactive but not sexually active group.

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