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Engineering skeletal muscle: Building complexity to achieve functionality. [Review]

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Citation: Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 2021 May 11PMID: 33994095Institution: Curtis National Hand CenterForm of publication: Journal ArticleMedline article type(s): Journal Article | ReviewSubject headings: IN PROCESS -- NOT YET INDEXEDYear: 2021 ISSN:

1084-9521

Name of journal: Seminars in cell & developmental biologyAbstract: Volumetric muscle loss (VML) VML is defined as the loss of a critical mass of skeletal muscle that overwhelms the muscle's natural healing mechanisms, leaving patients with permanent functional deficits and deformity. The treatment of these defects is complex, as skeletal muscle is a composite structure that relies closely on the action of supporting tissues such as tendons, vasculature, nerves, and bone. The gold standard of treatment for VML injuries, an autologous muscle flap transfer, suffers from many shortcomings but nevertheless remains the best clinically available avenue to restore function. This review will consider the use of composite tissue engineered constructs, with multiple components that act together to replicate the function of an intact muscle, as an alternative to autologous muscle flaps. We will discuss recent advances in the field of tissue engineering that enable skeletal muscle constructs to more closely reproduce the functionality of an autologous muscle flap by incorporating vasculature, promoting innervation, and reconstructing the muscle-tendon boundary. Additionally, our understanding of the cellular composition of skeletal muscle has evolved to recognize the importance of a diverse variety of cell types in muscle regeneration, including fibro/adipogenic progenitors and immune cells like macrophages and regulatory T cells. We will address recent advances in our understanding of how these cell types interact with, and can be incorporated into, implanted tissue engineered constructs. Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.All authors: Altamirano DE, Grayson W, Mihaly E, Tuffaha SFiscal year: FY2021 Digital Object Identifier:

https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.016

Date added to catalog: 2021-06-28

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Holdings
Item type	Current library	Collection	Call number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Journal Article	MedStar Authors Catalog	Article	33994095	Available		33994095

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) VML is defined as the loss of a critical mass of skeletal muscle that overwhelms the muscle's natural healing mechanisms, leaving patients with permanent functional deficits and deformity. The treatment of these defects is complex, as skeletal muscle is a composite structure that relies closely on the action of supporting tissues such as tendons, vasculature, nerves, and bone. The gold standard of treatment for VML injuries, an autologous muscle flap transfer, suffers from many shortcomings but nevertheless remains the best clinically available avenue to restore function. This review will consider the use of composite tissue engineered constructs, with multiple components that act together to replicate the function of an intact muscle, as an alternative to autologous muscle flaps. We will discuss recent advances in the field of tissue engineering that enable skeletal muscle constructs to more closely reproduce the functionality of an autologous muscle flap by incorporating vasculature, promoting innervation, and reconstructing the muscle-tendon boundary. Additionally, our understanding of the cellular composition of skeletal muscle has evolved to recognize the importance of a diverse variety of cell types in muscle regeneration, including fibro/adipogenic progenitors and immune cells like macrophages and regulatory T cells. We will address recent advances in our understanding of how these cell types interact with, and can be incorporated into, implanted tissue engineered constructs. Copyright (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

English