TY  - BOOK
AU  - Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann
TI  - Drug shortages: Implications for medical toxicology
SN  - 1556-3650
KW  - *Antidotes/sd [Supply & Distribution]
KW  - *Delivery of Health Care
KW  - *Drugs, Generic/sd [Supply & Distribution]
KW  - *Poisoning/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Prescription Drugs/sd [Supply & Distribution]
KW  - *Toxicology
KW  - Drug Industry/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Drug Information Services
KW  - Drug Substitution
KW  - Humans
KW  - Medication Errors
KW  - Patient Safety
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Utah
KW  - MedStar Washington Hospital Center
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - Journal Article
N2  - CONCLUSION: Drug shortages affected a substantial number of critical agents used in the management of poisoned patients. Shortages were often of long duration and for drugs without alternatives. Providers caring for poisoned patients should be aware of current shortages and implement mitigation strategies to safeguard patient care; CONTEXT: Drug shortages have significantly increased over the past decade. There are limited data describing how shortages impact medical toxicology of drugs; DISCUSSION: Toxicology drug shortages are becoming increasingly prevalent, which can result in both suboptimal treatment and medication errors from using less familiar alternatives; MATERIALS AND METHODS: Drug shortage data from January 2001 to December 2013 were obtained from the University of Utah Drug Information Service. Shortage data for agents used to treat poisonings were analyzed. Information on drug type, formulation, reason for shortage, shortage duration, marketing, and whether the drug was available from a single source was collected. The availability of a substitute therapy and whether substitutes were in shortage during the study period were also investigated; OBJECTIVE: To characterize drug shortages affecting the management of poisoned patients; RESULTS: Of 1,751 shortages, 141 (8.1%) impacted drugs used to treat poisoned patients, and as of December 2013, 21 (14.9%) remained unresolved. New toxicology shortages increased steadily from the mid-2000s, reaching a high of 26 in 2011. Median shortage duration was 164 days (interquartile range: 76-434). Generic drugs were involved in 85.1% of shortages and 41.1% were single-source products. Parenteral formulations were often involved in shortages (89.4%). The most common medications in shortage were sedative/hypnotics (15.6%). An alternative agent was available for 121 (85.8%) drugs; however, 88 (72.7%) alternatives were also affected by shortages at some point during the study period. When present, the most common reasons reported were manufacturing delays (22.0%) and supply/demand issues (17.0%). Shortage reason was not reported for 48.2% of drugs
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2015.1043441
ER  -