TY  - BOOK
AU  - Cho, Won Kyoo
AU  - Taefi, Amir
TI  - Decreasing trend of upper gastrointestinal bleeding mortality risk over three decades
SN  - 0163-2116
PY  - 2013///
KW  - *Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/mo [Mortality]
KW  - *Hospital Mortality/td [Trends]
KW  - *Upper Gastrointestinal Tract/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Survival Rate
KW  - United States/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - MedStar Washington Hospital Center
KW  - Medicine/Gastroenterology
KW  - Medicine/General Internal Medicine
KW  - Journal Article
N1  - Available online from MWHC library: 1996 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 1999 - 2006
N2  - AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine 130224s of UGIB mortality risks and trends over the last three decades; BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) causes over; CONCLUSION: UGIB morality risks, especially of the first hospital day and geriatric patients, significantly decreased over the last three decades, presumably from recent advances in emergency medical care. Mortality risk of gastric, but not duodenal, bleeding had the most significant reduction. Critical care improvements in patients with various comorbidities may explain significant UGIB mortality risk reductions. This study provides invaluable insight into the causes and trends of UGIB mortality risks for future studies; METHODS: We analyzed the National Hospital Discharge Sample from 1979 to 2009. Patients with primary ICD-9 code representing a diagnosis of UGIB were included. The UGIB mortality risks and trends in each decade by anatomical sites, bleeding causes, comorbidities, and other important variables were analyzed; RESULTS: UGIB mortality risk decreased by 35.4 % from 4.8 % in the first decade to 3.1 % in the third decade (P < 0.001). Age and number of hospitalization days were significant risk factors in all decades. Most significant decreases were observed in patients over 65 years and during the first day of admission. Gastric (P < 0.001) and esophageal (P = 0.018) bleedings showed significant decreasing mortality risk trends. Duodenal bleeding mortality risk was stable in three decades. Mortality risk declined significantly among patients with renal failure (from 50.0 to 4.0 %) and heart failure (from 17.9 to 5.2 %; both P < 0.001) while 130224s in cases with ischemic heart disease, cancer, and liver failure were less significant
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-013-2765-z
ER  -