TY  - BOOK
AU  - Lynes, John
TI  - Cytokine Microdialysis for Real-Time Immune Monitoring in Glioblastoma Patients Undergoing Checkpoint Blockade
SN  - 0148-396X
PY  - 2019///
KW  - *Brain Neoplasms
KW  - *Cytokines
KW  - *Glioblastoma
KW  - *Microdialysis
KW  - *Monitoring, Immunologic
KW  - Adult
KW  - Brain Chemistry
KW  - Brain Neoplasms/im [Immunology]
KW  - Brain Neoplasms/me [Metabolism]
KW  - Brain Neoplasms/th [Therapy]
KW  - Cytokines/an [Analysis]
KW  - Cytokines/ip [Isolation & Purification]
KW  - Glioblastoma/im [Immunology]
KW  - Glioblastoma/me [Metabolism]
KW  - Glioblastoma/th [Therapy]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interferon-gamma/an [Analysis]
KW  - Interferon-gamma/ip [Isolation & Purification]
KW  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/im [Immunology]
KW  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/me [Metabolism]
KW  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/th [Therapy]
KW  - MedStar Washington Hospital Center
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Journal Article
N1  - Available online from MWHC library: 1992 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 1999 - 2006
N2  - BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignancy of the brain, with a dismal prognosis. Immunomodulation via checkpoint inhibition has provided encouraging results in non-CNS malignancies, but prediction of responders has proven to be challenging in glioblastoma patients; DISCUSSION: The failure of recent trials of immune therapies in glioblastoma underscores the need to appropriately measure response in the treated tissue. This trial may provide insight on indicators of which patients will respond to immune therapy; EXPECTED OUTCOMES: We expect interferon gamma levels to increase in the brain as measured via microdialysis in treated patients. Based on published reports, microdialysis in this patient population is expected to be safe, and anti-LAG-3 and anti-PD-1 combined will likely have a similar side effect profile to other checkpoint inhibitor combinations; METHODS: The study design is a single-center, nonrandomized phase 1 clinical trial. Up to 15 adult patients with recurrent glioblastoma will be enrolled with the goal of 10 patients completing the trial over an anticipated 18 mo. Patients will undergo biopsy; placement of microdialysis catheters and lumbar drains; treatment with anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibition; comprehensive immune biomarker collection; tumor resection; and then treatment with anti-PD-1 and anti-LAG-3 checkpoint inhibition until progression; OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of patients who have a measurable increase of interferon gamma levels in brain tumor tissue after their first dose of nivolumab, and to evaluate the safety of using brain tumor microdialysis to monitor for immune response while evaluating the safety of the combination of anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) and anti-lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) checkpoint inhibition
UR  - https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyy392
ER  -