TY  - BOOK
AU  - Hancock, Melyssa
AU  - Nguy, Peter L
AU  - Parsa, Keon M
AU  - Wang, Haijun
TI  - Association of Facial Paralysis With Perceptions of Personality and Physical Traits
SN  - 2574-3805
PY  - 2020///
KW  - *Facial Paralysis/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Perception
KW  - *Smiling/px [Psychology]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Beauty
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Femininity
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Masculinity
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Patient Reported Outcome Measures
KW  - Personality
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Trust
KW  - MedStar Health Research Institute
KW  - MedStar Washington Hospital Center
KW  - MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Residents
KW  - Otolaryngology
KW  - Journal Article
N2  - Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, photographs of patients with facial paralysis received lower ratings for several personality and physical  traits compared with digitally edited images with no facial paralysis. These findings suggest a social penalty associated with facial paralysis; Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cross-sectional study used 20 images of smiling patients with facial paralysis evaluated between  January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016. Using photograph editing software, the photographs were edited to create a simulated nonparalysis smiling facial  appearance. A total of 40 photographs were split into 4 groups of 10 photographs, each with 5 altered and 5 unaltered photographs. The surveys were designed  such that altered and unaltered photographs of the same patient were not placed in the same survey to avoid recall bias. Anonymous raters used a 7-point  Likert scale to rate their perception of each patient's personality traits (ie, aggressiveness, likeability, and trustworthiness), attractiveness, and  femininity or masculinity based on photographs in their assigned survey. Raters were blinded to study intent. Scores from the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation  questionnaire were included to assess self-perception. Data were analyzed from November 11, 2019, to February 20, 2020; Importance: Facial paralysis has a significant effect on affect display, with the most notable deficit being patients' the inability to smile in the  same way as those without paralysis. These impairments may result in undesirable judgements of personal qualities, thus leading to a significant social  penalty in those who have the condition; Main Outcomes and Measures: Ratings of personality traits, attractiveness, and femininity or masculinity. Social function domain scores and overall  scores were analyzed from the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation questionnaire; Objective: To quantify the association of facial paralysis with the way smiling patients are perceived by others with respect to personality traits,  attractiveness, and femininity or masculinity and to evaluate the potential association of facial palsy-related patient-reported outcome measures with how  patients are perceived by others; Results: This study included photographs of 20 patients with facial paralysis (mean [range] age, 54 [28-69] years; 15 [75%] women). A total of 122  respondents completed the survey (71 [61%] women). Most respondents were between the ages of 25 and 34 years (79 participants [65%]). Overall, smiling  photos of patients with facial paralysis were perceived as significantly less likeable (difference, -0.29; 95% CI, -0.43 to -0.14), trustworthy (difference,  -0.25; 95% CI, -0.39 to -0.11), attractive (difference, -0.47; 95% CI, -0.62 to -0.32), and feminine or masculine (difference, -0.21; 95% CI, -0.38 to - 0.03) compared with their simulated preparalysis photographs. When analyzed by sex, smiling women with facial paralysis experienced lower ratings for  likeability (difference, -0.34; 95% CI, -0.53 to -0.16), trustworthiness (difference, -0.24; 95% CI, -0.43 to -0.06), attractiveness (difference, -0.74; 95%  CI, -0.94 to -0.55), and femininity (difference, -0.35; 95% CI, -0.58 to -0.13). However, smiling men with facial paralysis only received significantly  lower ratings for likeability (difference, -0.24; 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.01) and trustworthiness (difference, -0.30; 95% CI, -0.53 to -0.07). As patients'  self-reported social function and total Facial Clinimetric Evaluation scores increased, there was an increase in perceived trustworthiness (rs[480] = 0.11;  P = .02) and attractiveness (rs[478] = 0.10; P = .04) scores by raters
UR  - https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5495
UR  - https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5495
ER  -