International consensus statement on nomenclature and classification of the congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy, for clinical, surgical, interventional and research purposes.
- 2021
This International Consensus Classification and Nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve condition recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valves: 1. The fused type (right-left cusp fusion, right-non-coronary cusp fusion and left-non-coronary cusp fusion phenotypes); 2. The 2-sinus type (latero-lateral and antero-posterior phenotypes); and 3. The partial-fusion (forme fruste) type. The presence of raphe and the symmetry of the fused type phenotypes are critical aspects to describe. The International Consensus also recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy: 1. The ascending phenotype; 2. The root phenotype; and 3. Extended phenotypes. Copyright This article has been co-published with permission in the European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, and in Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging. All rights reserved. (c) 2021 Jointly between the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, and the Radiological Society of North America. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal's style.