Four-day food record macronutrient intake, with and without biomarker calibration, and chronic disease risk in postmenopausal women.
- 2022
Available online from MWHC library: 1996 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 1996 - 2006
We recently presented associations of biomarker-calibrated protein, protein density, carbohydrate, and carbohydrate density with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and diabetes in Women's Health Initiative cohorts (1993 to present, at 40 US clinical centers) of postmenopausal women. The biomarkers relied on serum and urine metabolomics profiles, and biomarker-calibration used regression of biomarkers on food frequency questionnaires. Here corresponding calibration equations are developed using food records and dietary recalls. Also, calibrated intakes based on food records are used in disease association estimation in a cohort subset (n=29,294) having food records. More biomarker variation was explained by food records than FFQs for absolute macronutrient intake, with 24-hour recalls intermediate. However, percent biomarker variation explained was similar for each assessment approach for macronutrient densities. Invasive breast cancer risk related inversely to carbohydrate and protein densities using food records, in analyses that included (calibrated) total energy intake and body mass index. Corresponding analyses for absolute intakes did not differ from the null, nor did absolute or relative intakes associate significantly with colorectal cancer or coronary heart disease. These analyses do not suggest major advantages for food records or dietary recalls compared to less costly and logistically simpler FFQs, for these nutritional variables. Copyright (c) The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.