Hepatopulmonary syndrome: An update. [Review] 

 -  2021 
<br/><br/> Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized by defects in oxygenation caused by intra-pulmonary vasodilation occurring because of chronic liver disease, portal hypertension, or congenital portosystemic shunts. Clinical implications of portal hypertension are very well-known, however, awareness of its effect on multiple organs such as the lungs are less known. The presence of HPS in chronic liver disease is associated with increased mortality. Medical therapies available for HPS have not been proven effective and definitive treatment for HPS is mainly liver transplantation (LT). LT improves mortality for patients with HPS drastically. This article provides a review on the definition, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of HPS. Copyright (c)The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. 
<br/><br/><br/>English 
<br/><br/><label>Standard No.: </label>10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1699 [doi] PMC8637683 [pmc] 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>IN PROCESS -- NOT YET INDEXED
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Geographic Terms: </label><br/>MedStar Washington Hospital Center
<br/><br/><label>Index Terms--Occupation: </label><br/>Internal Medicine Residency
<br/><br/><label>Index Terms--Function: </label><br/>Journal Article<br/>Review