000			02238nam a22003857a 4500
008			230316s20232023 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a2589-5141
024			_a10.1016/j.jhsg.2022.01.004 [doi]
024			_aPMC9870802 [pmc]
024			_aS2589-5141(22)00005-6 [pii]
040			_aOvid MEDLINE(R)
099			_a36704369
245			_aDiagnostic Biomarkers for Upper Extremity Chronic Pain Conditions. [Review]
251			_aJournal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 5(1):116-120, 2023 Jan.
252			_aJ Hand Surg Glob Online. 5(1):116-120, 2023 Jan.
253			_aJournal of hand surgery global online
260			_c2023
260			_fFY2023
260			_p2023 Jan
265			_sepublish
265			_tPubMed-not-MEDLINE
520			_aHand surgery patients often experience chronic pain conditions. However, there are few reliable ways to measure pain, making diagnosis and subsequent management of these conditions notably challenging for the hand surgeon. Various diagnostic biomarkers have been actively studied in the chronic pain management field with promising results. This review discusses the development of diagnostic biomarkers for chronic pain conditions of the upper extremity, including complex regional pain syndrome, osteoarthritis, and neuropathic pain. Techniques involving the measurements of heart rate variability, molecular biomarkers including inflammatory and noninflammatory molecules, metabolites, and exosomes, magnetic resonance imagining and electroencephalography, as well as skin biopsy, are discussed. Future potential applications are proposed. Copyright © 2022 The Authors.
546			_aEnglish
656			_aCurtis National Hand Center
656			_aMedStar Georgetown University Hospital/MedStar Washington Hospital Center
656			_aPlastic Surgery Residency
657			_aJournal Article
657			_aReview
700			_aGary, Cyril _bMGUH _cPlastic Surgery Residency _dMD _eResident PGY 5
700			_aGiladi, Aviram M _bCURT
700			_aHorowitz, Max E _bCURT
790			_aGary CS _aHorowitz ME _aGiladi AM
856			_uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsg.2022.01.004 _zhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsg.2022.01.004
942			_cART _dJournal Article
999			_c11452 _d11452