000			05273nam a22007577a 4500
008			240807s20242024 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a1932-6203
024			_aPMC11249223 [pmc]
024			_aPONE-D-23-19489 [pii]
040			_aOvid MEDLINE(R)
099			_a39008499
245			_aEffect of progestin-based contraceptives on HIV-associated vaginal immune biomarkers and microbiome in adolescent girls.
251			_aPLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]. 19(7):e0306237, 2024.
252			_aPLoS ONE. 19(7):e0306237, 2024.
253			_aPloS one
260			_c2024
260			_fFY2025
260			_p2024
265			_sepublish
265			_tMEDLINE
266			_d2024-08-07
266			_z2024/07/15 13:34
501			_aAvailable online through MWHC library: 2006 - present
520			_aAdolescent girls bear a disproportionate burden of both the HIV epidemic and unintended pregnancies; yet important questions remain unanswered regarding the effects of hormonal contraceptives on the vaginal immune microenvironment, which can impact HIV susceptibility in this group. Multiple studies report genital immune alterations associated with the progestin-based contraceptive Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in adult women, but there is little available data in adolescents. The objective of this longitudinal cohort study was to evaluate the effects of short-term use of three progestin-based contraceptives, levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUD), subdermal etonogestrel (ETNG), and injectable DMPA, on HIV-associated vaginal immune biomarkers and microbiome in adolescent girls. Fifty-nine sexually active, HIV-uninfected girls aged 15-19, were recruited from the Washington DC metro area and self-selected into Control (condoms only), combined oral contraceptive pills, LNG-IUD, ETNG and DMPA groups. Vaginal swabs were collected at baseline prior to contraceptive use and at 3-month follow-up visit. Vaginal secretions were tested for pro-inflammatory (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-3alpha, IP-10, RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta) and anti-inflammatory/anti-HIV (Serpin-A1, Elafin, Beta-Defensin-2, SLPI) immune biomarkers using ELISA and for anti-HIV activity using TZM-bl assay. Vaginal microbiome was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Data were analyzed using SAS Version 9. Among the 34 participants who completed both visits, no significant changes in median biomarker concentrations, HIV inhibition and microbiome composition were observed between baseline and follow-up visits for any of the contraceptive groups. IL-8 (p<0.01), MIP-3alpha (0.02), Elafin (p = 0.03) and RANTES (p<0.01) differed significantly by race whereas IL-6 was significantly different by age (p = 0.03). We conclude that 3-month use of LNG-IUD, ETNG and DMPA have minimal effects on adolescent vaginal immune microenvironment, and therefore unlikely to impact HIV risk. Future studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up are recommended to continue to evaluate effects of contraceptives on the lower genital tract immunity and susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections. Copyright: © 2024 Nasr et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
546			_aEnglish
650			_a*Biomarkers
650			_a*Desogestrel
650			_a*HIV Infections
650			_a*Levonorgestrel
650			_a*Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
650			_a*Microbiota
650			_a*Vagina
650			_aAdolescent
650			_aBiomarkers/me [Metabolism]
650			_aContraceptive Agents, Female/ad [Administration & Dosage]
650			_aContraceptive Agents, Female/pd [Pharmacology]
650			_aDesogestrel/ad [Administration & Dosage]
650			_aElafin
650			_aFemale
650			_aHIV Infections/im [Immunology]
650			_aHumans
650			_aLevonorgestrel/ad [Administration & Dosage]
650			_aLevonorgestrel/pd [Pharmacology]
650			_aLongitudinal Studies
650			_aMedroxyprogesterone Acetate/ad [Administration & Dosage]
650			_aMedroxyprogesterone Acetate/ae [Adverse Effects]
650			_aMedroxyprogesterone Acetate/pd [Pharmacology]
650			_aMicrobiota/de [Drug Effects]
650			_aProgestins/ad [Administration & Dosage]
650			_aProgestins/pd [Pharmacology]
650			_aVagina/de [Drug Effects]
650			_aVagina/im [Immunology]
650			_aVagina/mi [Microbiology]
650			_aYoung Adult
650			_zAutomated
651			_aMedStar Health Research Institute
651			_aMedStar Washington Hospital Center
656			_aObstetrics and Gynecology
657			_aJournal Article
700			_aEmmanuel-Baker, Vanessa _bMHRI
700			_aGomez-Lobo, Veronica _bMWHC
700			_aMoriarty, Patricia _bMHRI
790			_aNasr MA, Aldous A, Daniels J, Joy C, Capozzi E, Yang M, Moriarty P, Emmanuel-Baker V, Malcolm S, Green SJ, Gomez-Lobo V, Ghosh M
856			_uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306237 _zhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306237
942			_cART _dArticle
999			_c14533 _d14533