000			03437nam a22005177a 4500
008			221018s20222022 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a1523-3804
024			_a10.1007/s11883-022-01051-5 [doi]
024			_a10.1007/s11883-022-01051-5 [pii]
040			_aOvid MEDLINE(R)
099			_a36040566
245			_aExtra-coronary Calcification and Cardiovascular Events: What Do We Know and Where Are We Heading?. [Review]
251			_aCurrent Atherosclerosis Reports. 24(10):755-766, 2022 Oct.
252			_aCurr Atheroscler Rep. 24(10):755-766, 2022 Oct.
253			_aCurrent atherosclerosis reports
260			_c2022
260			_fFY2023
260			_p2022 Oct
265			_sppublish
265			_tMEDLINE
266			_d2022-10-20
520			_aPURPOSE OF REVIEW: The coronary artery calcium score is a guideline-endorsed aid for further risk stratification in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The non-contrast scan performed for detection of coronary artery calcium also gives an opportunity to visualize calcifications in the thoracic aorta and in the heart valves, at no additional cost or radiation exposure. The purpose of this review was to discuss the potential clinical value of measuring thoracic aortic calcification, aortic valve calcification, and mitral annulus calcification.
520			_aRECENT FINDINGS: After two decades of active research, all three calcifications have been extensively evaluated, across various cohorts. We discuss classic and recent studies, current knowledge gaps, and future directions in this space. The added value of these measurements has traditionally been considered modest at best, and they are not currently discussed in relevant primary prevention guidelines in North America and Europe. However, recent studies evaluating high thoracic calcification thresholds and younger populations have further enriched this space. Specifically, some studies suggest that detection of severe thoracic aortic calcification may be helpful in further risk assessment and that detection of aortic valve calcifications may have important prognostic implications in younger individuals. Although more research is needed, particularly in larger young-to-middle-aged cohorts, future guidelines might consider including these features as risk-enhancing factors. Copyright © 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
546			_aEnglish
650			_a*Aortic Valve Stenosis
650			_a*Calcinosis
650			_a*Coronary Artery Disease
650			_a*Vascular Calcification
650			_aAortic Valve/dg [Diagnostic Imaging]
650			_aAortic Valve/pa [Pathology]
650			_aCalcinosis/dg [Diagnostic Imaging]
650			_aCalcium
650			_aCoronary Artery Disease/dg [Diagnostic Imaging]
650			_aHumans
650			_aMiddle Aged
650			_aRisk Factors
650			_aVascular Calcification/dg [Diagnostic Imaging]
651			_aMedStar Union Memorial Hospital
656			_aInternal Medicine
657			_aJournal Article
657			_aReview
700			_aGrandhi, Gowtham R
790			_aAl-Mallah M, Anugula D, Blankstein R, Cainzos-Achirica M, Cardoso R, Grandhi GR, Nasir K, Shah DJ
856			_uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11883-022-01051-5 _zhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11883-022-01051-5
942			_cART _dArticle
999			_c335 _d335