000			04005nam a22005897a 4500
008			190724s20192019 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a1556-9039
024			_a10.1007/s13181-019-00715-0 [doi]
024			_a10.1007/s13181-019-00715-0 [pii]
024			_aPMC6597680 [pmc]
040			_aOvid MEDLINE(R)
099			_a31152355
245			_aOpioid Use Disorder and Prescribed Opioid Regimens: Evidence from Commercial and Medicaid Claims, 2005-2015.
251			_aJournal of Medical Toxicology: Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology. 15(3):156-168, 2019 07.
252			_aJ Med Toxicol. 15(3):156-168, 2019 07.
252			_zJ Med Toxicol. 15(3):156-168, 2019 Jul.
253			_aJournal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
260			_c2019
260			_fFY2020
265			_sppublish
266			_d2019-06-21
268			_aJournal of Medical Toxicology: Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology. 15(3):156-168, 2019 Jul.
520			_aCONCLUSIONS: Most enrollees with OUD in the data had current opioid prescriptions, suggesting that continuing efforts to reduce misuse of prescribed opioids among patients with prescriptions may be effective. However, a substantial percentage of enrollees with OUD may be obtaining opioids via other, likely illegitimate, channels, particularly younger people, which suggests an opportunity for targeted efforts to reduce opioid diversion.
520			_aINTRODUCTION: In response to the US opioid crisis, interventions are being implemented to lower opioid prescribing to reduce opioid misuse and overdose. As opioid prescribing falls, opioid misuse may shift from prescriptions to other, possibly illicit, sources. We examined how the percentage of patients with an opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis in a given year without a current opioid prescription changed over a decade among commercially insured enrollees and Medicaid beneficiaries. We also examined how the percentages differed by enrollee demographic factors.
520			_aMETHODS: We used commercial and Medicaid claims from the IBM MarketScan databases from 2005 to 2015 to identify enrollees with and without current opioid prescriptions who have been diagnosed with OUD. We measured the percentage of enrollees with OUD without a current opioid prescription by year and demographic factors.
520			_aRESULTS: We identified 99,396 enrollee-years with OUD covered by commercial insurance and 60,492 enrollee-years with OUD covered by Medicaid. Among enrollees with OUD, the percentage without a current opioid prescription increased from 37% in 2005 to 49% in 2012 before falling back to 39% in 2015 in the commercial population, and increased from 32% in 2005 to 38% in 2015 in the Medicaid population. Differences in percentages were observed by age, sex, race, and region, particularly among young people where 70 to 89% had OUD without a current prescription.
546			_aEnglish
650			_a*Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use]
650			_a*Opioid-Related Disorders/ep [Epidemiology]
650			_aAdolescent
650			_aAdult
650			_aAge Factors
650			_aChild
650			_aDrug Prescriptions/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
650			_aFemale
650			_aHumans
650			_aMale
650			_aMedicaid
650			_aMiddle Aged
650			_aOpioid-Related Disorders/eh [Ethnology]
650			_aRetrospective Studies
650			_aTime Factors
650			_aUnited States
650			_aYoung Adult
651			_aMedStar Washington Hospital Center
656			_aEmergency Medicine
657			_aJournal Article
700			_aMazer-Amirshahi, Maryann
790			_aAli MM, Cutler E, Diou-Cass J, Henke RM, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Mutter R, O'Brien PL, Pines JM
856			_uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13181-019-00715-0 _zhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13181-019-00715-0
942			_cART _dArticle
999			_c4303 _d4303