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Prevalence of anti-lymphocyte IgM autoantibodies driving complement activation in COVID-19 patients.

Contributor(s):

Wortmann, Glenn W MWHC

Publication details: 2024; ; ISSN:

1664-3224

Subject(s): Online resources:

https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352330

Summary: Discussion: IgM ALAb and complement activation against lymphocytes may contribute to the acute lymphopenia observed in COVID-19 patients. Copyright Â© 2024 Perez-Diez, Liu, Calderon, Bennett, Lisco, Kellog, Galindo, Memoli, Rocco, Epling, Laidlaw, Sneller, Manion, Wortmann, Poon, Kumar and Sereti.Summary: Introduction: COVID-19 patients can develop autoantibodies against a variety of secreted and membrane proteins, including some expressed on lymphocytes. However, it is unclear what proportion of patients might develop anti-lymphocyte antibodies (ALAb) and what functional relevance they might have.Summary: Methods: We evaluated the presence and lytic function of ALAb in the sera of a cohort of 85 COVID-19 patients (68 unvaccinated and 17 vaccinated) assigned to mild (N=63), or moderate/severe disease (N=22) groups. Thirty-seven patients were followed-up after recovery. We also analyzed in vivo complement deposition on COVID-19 patients' lymphocytes and examined its correlation with lymphocyte numbers during acute disease.Summary: Results: Compared with healthy donors (HD), patients had an increased prevalence of IgM ALAb, which was significantly higher in moderate/severe disease patients and persisted after recovery. Sera from IgM ALAb+ patients exhibited complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against HD lymphocytes. Complement protein C3b deposition on patients' CD4 T cells was inversely correlated with CD4 T cell numbers. This correlation was stronger in moderate/severe disease patients.

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Title notes ( 5 )

Holdings
Item type	Current library	Collection	Call number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Journal Article	MedStar Authors Catalog	Article		Available		38694513

Discussion: IgM ALAb and complement activation against lymphocytes may contribute to the acute lymphopenia observed in COVID-19 patients. Copyright Â© 2024 Perez-Diez, Liu, Calderon, Bennett, Lisco, Kellog, Galindo, Memoli, Rocco, Epling, Laidlaw, Sneller, Manion, Wortmann, Poon, Kumar and Sereti.

Introduction: COVID-19 patients can develop autoantibodies against a variety of secreted and membrane proteins, including some expressed on lymphocytes. However, it is unclear what proportion of patients might develop anti-lymphocyte antibodies (ALAb) and what functional relevance they might have.

Methods: We evaluated the presence and lytic function of ALAb in the sera of a cohort of 85 COVID-19 patients (68 unvaccinated and 17 vaccinated) assigned to mild (N=63), or moderate/severe disease (N=22) groups. Thirty-seven patients were followed-up after recovery. We also analyzed in vivo complement deposition on COVID-19 patients' lymphocytes and examined its correlation with lymphocyte numbers during acute disease.

Results: Compared with healthy donors (HD), patients had an increased prevalence of IgM ALAb, which was significantly higher in moderate/severe disease patients and persisted after recovery. Sera from IgM ALAb+ patients exhibited complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against HD lymphocytes. Complement protein C3b deposition on patients' CD4 T cells was inversely correlated with CD4 T cell numbers. This correlation was stronger in moderate/severe disease patients.

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