Bronchiolitis: A Practical Approach for the General Radiologist. [Review]

MedStar author(s):
Citation: Radiographics. 37(3):777-794, 2017 May-JunPMID: 28362556Department: MedStar St Mary's HospitalForm of publication: Journal ArticleMedline article type(s): Journal Article | ReviewSubject headings: *Bronchiolitis/dg [Diagnostic Imaging] | *Diagnostic Imaging/mt [Methods] | Bronchiolitis/pa [Pathology] | Diagnosis, Differential | HumansYear: 2017ISSN:
  • 0271-5333
Name of journal: Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, IncAbstract: Radiologists consciously or unconsciously encounter bronchiolitis on images frequently. The purpose of this article is to simplify the concept of bronchiolitis to facilitate the formulation of a succinct and accurate differential diagnosis and suggest potential causes for the imaging findings. Direct and indirect signs of bronchiolitis that are seen on computed tomographic images are detailed. The most common causes of bronchiolitis are covered, including several distinct entities to be considered in specific clinical scenarios. In order of prevalence, the top two causes of bronchiolitis are infection and aspiration. Less common entities include respiratory bronchiolitis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which tend to manifest with ground-glass centrilobular nodules. Some types of bronchiolitis affect specific ethnic groups or are associated with a characteristic clinical history. For example, diffuse panbronchiolitis typically affects Japanese subjects. Constrictive bronchiolitis should be considered in lung transplant recipients with ongoing rejection. Given the high frequency of bronchiolitis, radiologists should develop a systematic approach to both cellular and constrictive bronchiolitis. Recognition of specific clinical or imaging characteristics may be sufficient for providing a relevant differential diagnosis. <sup>©</sup>RSNA, 2017.All authors: Betancourt SL, Eraso A, Martinez-Jimenez S, Restrepo CS, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Winningham PJFiscal year: FY2017Digital Object Identifier: Date added to catalog: 2017-12-06
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Journal Article MedStar Authors Catalog Article 28362556 Available 28362556

Radiologists consciously or unconsciously encounter bronchiolitis on images frequently. The purpose of this article is to simplify the concept of bronchiolitis to facilitate the formulation of a succinct and accurate differential diagnosis and suggest potential causes for the imaging findings. Direct and indirect signs of bronchiolitis that are seen on computed tomographic images are detailed. The most common causes of bronchiolitis are covered, including several distinct entities to be considered in specific clinical scenarios. In order of prevalence, the top two causes of bronchiolitis are infection and aspiration. Less common entities include respiratory bronchiolitis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which tend to manifest with ground-glass centrilobular nodules. Some types of bronchiolitis affect specific ethnic groups or are associated with a characteristic clinical history. For example, diffuse panbronchiolitis typically affects Japanese subjects. Constrictive bronchiolitis should be considered in lung transplant recipients with ongoing rejection. Given the high frequency of bronchiolitis, radiologists should develop a systematic approach to both cellular and constrictive bronchiolitis. Recognition of specific clinical or imaging characteristics may be sufficient for providing a relevant differential diagnosis. <sup>©</sup>RSNA, 2017.

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