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Triglyceride-lowering and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk reduction. [Review]

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Citation: Journal of Clinical Lipidology. 15(4):556-568, 2021 Jul-Aug.PMID: 34172393Institution: MedStar Montgomery Medical CenterForm of publication: Journal ArticleMedline article type(s): Journal Article | ReviewSubject headings: *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage] | *Atherosclerosis/dt [Drug Therapy] | *Cardiovascular Diseases/dt [Drug Therapy] | *Fatty Acids, Omega-3/ad [Administration & Dosage] | *Risk Reduction Behavior | *Triglycerides/ai [Antagonists & Inhibitors] | Atherosclerosis/bl [Blood] | Cardiovascular Diseases/bl [Blood] | Humans | Hypertriglyceridemia/bl [Blood] | Hypertriglyceridemia/dt [Drug Therapy] | Triglycerides/bl [Blood]Year: 2021 ISSN:

1876-4789

Name of journal: Journal of clinical lipidologyAbstract: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have been extensively studied as both dietary supplement and pharmaceutical agent for the prevention of ASCVD. Epidemiological and retrospective studies have long shown the inverse relationship of omega-3 PUFA consumption and ASCVD event but results of previous large randomized controlled trials have not consistently shown the same effect. Meta-analysis and a recent clinical trial using a high dose of eicosapentaenoic acid showed convincing protective effects of omega-3 PUFAs on ASCVD. Emerging evidence shows that both chronic inflammation and hypertriglyceridemia increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Amelioration of the inflammatory process and reduction of hypertriglyceridemia provide two mechanisms on the prevention and management of ASCVD, and agents with both of these effects are more potent and desirable. Omega-3 PUFAs exert anti-hypertriglyceridemia effect, ameliorate inflammation, and maintain the resolution of inflammation homeostasis pleiotropically through multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms. This review presents the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, the mechanisms of omega-3 PUFAs on the reduction of the atherosclerotic risk, and the current clinical utilities of omega-3 PUFAs on the prevention of ASCVD. Copyright (c) 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.All authors: Liu QKOriginally published: Journal of Clinical Lipidology. 15(4):556-568, 2021 Jul-Aug.Fiscal year: FY2022 Digital Object Identifier:

https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2021.05.007

Date added to catalog: 2021-07-19

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Holdings
Item type	Current library	Collection	Call number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Journal Article	MedStar Authors Catalog	Article	34172393	Available		34172393

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have been extensively studied as both dietary supplement and pharmaceutical agent for the prevention of ASCVD. Epidemiological and retrospective studies have long shown the inverse relationship of omega-3 PUFA consumption and ASCVD event but results of previous large randomized controlled trials have not consistently shown the same effect. Meta-analysis and a recent clinical trial using a high dose of eicosapentaenoic acid showed convincing protective effects of omega-3 PUFAs on ASCVD. Emerging evidence shows that both chronic inflammation and hypertriglyceridemia increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Amelioration of the inflammatory process and reduction of hypertriglyceridemia provide two mechanisms on the prevention and management of ASCVD, and agents with both of these effects are more potent and desirable. Omega-3 PUFAs exert anti-hypertriglyceridemia effect, ameliorate inflammation, and maintain the resolution of inflammation homeostasis pleiotropically through multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms. This review presents the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, the mechanisms of omega-3 PUFAs on the reduction of the atherosclerotic risk, and the current clinical utilities of omega-3 PUFAs on the prevention of ASCVD. Copyright (c) 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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