Biomarkers for Components of Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate with Application to Chronic Disease Risk Among Postmenopausal Women. Biomarkers for Components of Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate with Application to Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women.

MedStar author(s):
Citation: Journal of Nutrition. 152(4):1107-1117, 2022 Apr 01.PMID: 35015878Institution: MedStar Health Research InstituteForm of publication: Journal ArticleMedline article type(s): Journal ArticleSubject headings: *Dietary Proteins | *Postmenopause | Biomarkers | Chronic Disease | Dietary Carbohydrates | Female | Humans | Prospective Studies | Risk FactorsYear: 2022Local holdings: Available online from MWHC library: Sept 1928 - present (after 1 year)Name of journal: The Journal of nutritionAbstract: BACKGROUND: We recently developed protein and carbohydrate intake biomarkers using metabolomics profiles in serum and urine, and used them to correct self-reported dietary data for measurement error. Biomarker-calibrated carbohydrate density was inversely associated with chronic disease risk, while protein density associations were mixed.CONCLUSIONS: In a population of postmenopausal U.S. women, CVD risk is associated with high animal protein and low fiber diets, cancer risk is associated with low carbohydrate diets, and diabetes risk is associated with low fiber/low carbohydrate diets. This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611. Copyright (c) The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.METHODS: Prospective disease association analyses in WHI cohorts of postmenopausal U.S. women, aged 50-79 when enrolled at 40 U.S. Clinical Centers. Biomarkers are developed using an embedded human feeding study (n = 153). Calibration equations for protein and carbohydrate components are developed using a WHI nutritional biomarker study (n = 436). Calibrated intakes are associated with chronic disease incidence in WHI cohorts (n = 81,954) over a 20-year (median) follow-up period, using hazard ratio regression methods.OBJECTIVE: To elucidate and extend this earlier work through biomarker development for protein and carbohydrate components, including animal protein and fiber.RESULTS: Previously reported elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) with higher protein diets tended to be explained by animal protein density. For example, for coronary heart disease a 20% increment in animal protein density had hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.20 (1.02, 1.42) relative to the HR for total protein density. In comparison, cancer and diabetes risk showed little association with animal protein density beyond that attributable to total protein density. Inverse carbohydrate density associations with total CVD were mostly attributable to fiber density, with 20% increment HR (95% CI) factor of 0.89 (0.83, 0.94). Cancer risk showed little association with fiber density, while diabetes risk has 20% increment HR (95% CI) of 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) relative to the HRs for total carbohydrate density.All authors: Gowda GAN, Howard BV, Huang Y, Johnson KC, Lampe JW, Manson JE, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Neuhouser ML, Pettinger M, Prentice RL, Raftery D, Snetselaar L, Tinker LF, Van Horn L, Wallace R, Zheng COriginally published: Journal of Nutrition. 2022 Jan 07Fiscal year: FY2022Digital Object Identifier: Date added to catalog: 2022-02-21
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Item type Current library Collection Call number Status Date due Barcode
Journal Article MedStar Authors Catalog Article 35015878 Available 35015878

Available online from MWHC library: Sept 1928 - present (after 1 year)

BACKGROUND: We recently developed protein and carbohydrate intake biomarkers using metabolomics profiles in serum and urine, and used them to correct self-reported dietary data for measurement error. Biomarker-calibrated carbohydrate density was inversely associated with chronic disease risk, while protein density associations were mixed.

CONCLUSIONS: In a population of postmenopausal U.S. women, CVD risk is associated with high animal protein and low fiber diets, cancer risk is associated with low carbohydrate diets, and diabetes risk is associated with low fiber/low carbohydrate diets. This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611. Copyright (c) The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.

METHODS: Prospective disease association analyses in WHI cohorts of postmenopausal U.S. women, aged 50-79 when enrolled at 40 U.S. Clinical Centers. Biomarkers are developed using an embedded human feeding study (n = 153). Calibration equations for protein and carbohydrate components are developed using a WHI nutritional biomarker study (n = 436). Calibrated intakes are associated with chronic disease incidence in WHI cohorts (n = 81,954) over a 20-year (median) follow-up period, using hazard ratio regression methods.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate and extend this earlier work through biomarker development for protein and carbohydrate components, including animal protein and fiber.

RESULTS: Previously reported elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) with higher protein diets tended to be explained by animal protein density. For example, for coronary heart disease a 20% increment in animal protein density had hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.20 (1.02, 1.42) relative to the HR for total protein density. In comparison, cancer and diabetes risk showed little association with animal protein density beyond that attributable to total protein density. Inverse carbohydrate density associations with total CVD were mostly attributable to fiber density, with 20% increment HR (95% CI) factor of 0.89 (0.83, 0.94). Cancer risk showed little association with fiber density, while diabetes risk has 20% increment HR (95% CI) of 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) relative to the HRs for total carbohydrate density.

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