Sex Differences in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Sex Differences in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. [Review]

MedStar author(s):
Citation: Thyroid. 32(3):224-235, 2022 03.PMID: 34969307Institution: MedStar Washington Hospital CenterDepartment: Medicine/EndocrinologyForm of publication: Journal ArticleMedline article type(s): Journal ArticleSubject headings: *Adenocarcinoma | *Thyroid Neoplasms | Female | Humans | Male | Prognosis | Sex Characteristics | Thyroid Neoplasms/ep [Epidemiology] | Thyroid Neoplasms/ge [Genetics] | Thyroid Neoplasms/th [Therapy] | Treatment OutcomeYear: 2022Local holdings: Available online from MWHC library: August 2000 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 1999 - 2006Name of journal: Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid AssociationAbstract: Sex dimorphism strongly impacts tumor biology with most cancers having a male predominance. Uniquely, thyroid cancer is the only non-reproductive cancer with striking female predominance with 3-4-fold higher incidence among females, although males generally have more aggressive disease. The molecular basis for this observation is not known and current approaches in treatment and surveillance are not sex specific. Although thyroid cancer has overall good prognosis, 6-20% of patients develop regional or distant metastasis, one third of whom are not responsive to conventional treatment approaches and suffer a 10-year survival rate of only 10%. More efficacious treatment strategies are needed for these aggressive thyroid cancers as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy have major toxicities without demonstrable overall survival benefit. Emerging evidence indicates a role of sex-hormones, genetics and the immune system in modulation of both risk for thyroid cancer and its progression in a sex-specific manner. Greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex-differences in thyroid cancer pathogenesis could provide insights to the development of sex-specific, targeted, effective strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and management. This review summarizes emerging evidence for the importance of sex in the pathogenesis, progression, and response to treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer with emphasis on the role of sex-hormones, genetics and the immune system.All authors: Burman KD, Shobab L, Wartofsky LOriginally published: Thyroid. 2021 Dec 31Fiscal year: FY2022Digital Object Identifier: Date added to catalog: 2022-02-21
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Item type Current library Collection Call number Status Date due Barcode
Journal Article MedStar Authors Catalog Article 34969307 Available 34969307

Available online from MWHC library: August 2000 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 1999 - 2006

Sex dimorphism strongly impacts tumor biology with most cancers having a male predominance. Uniquely, thyroid cancer is the only non-reproductive cancer with striking female predominance with 3-4-fold higher incidence among females, although males generally have more aggressive disease. The molecular basis for this observation is not known and current approaches in treatment and surveillance are not sex specific. Although thyroid cancer has overall good prognosis, 6-20% of patients develop regional or distant metastasis, one third of whom are not responsive to conventional treatment approaches and suffer a 10-year survival rate of only 10%. More efficacious treatment strategies are needed for these aggressive thyroid cancers as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy have major toxicities without demonstrable overall survival benefit. Emerging evidence indicates a role of sex-hormones, genetics and the immune system in modulation of both risk for thyroid cancer and its progression in a sex-specific manner. Greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex-differences in thyroid cancer pathogenesis could provide insights to the development of sex-specific, targeted, effective strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and management. This review summarizes emerging evidence for the importance of sex in the pathogenesis, progression, and response to treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer with emphasis on the role of sex-hormones, genetics and the immune system.

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