Impact of anemia on outcomes and resource utilization in patients with myocardial infarction: A national database analysis. 

 -  2024 
<br/><br/> BACKGROUND: Although anemia is common in patients with myocardial infarction (MI), management remains controversial. We quantified the association of anemia with in-hospital outcomes and resource utilization in patients admitted with MI using a large national database.  CONCLUSION: In MI patients, anemia was associated with higher in-hospital mortality, adverse events, total cost, and length of stay. Transfusion was associated with increased mortality, and its role in MI requires further research. Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.  METHODS: All hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis code for acute MI in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2014 and 2018 were identified. Among these hospitalizations, patients with anemia were identified using a secondary diagnosis code. Data on demographic and clinical variables were collected. Outcomes of interest included in-hospital adverse events, length of stay (LOS), and total cost. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear models were used to evaluate the relationship between anemia and outcomes.  RESULTS: Among 1,113,181 MI hospitalizations, 254,816 (22.8%) included concomitant anemia. Anemic patients were older and more likely to be women. After adjustment for demographics and comorbidities, anemia was associated with higher mortality (7.1 vs. 4.3%; odds ratio 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.12, p < 0.001). Anemia was also associated with a mean of 2.71 days longer LOS (average marginal effects [AME] 2.71; 95% CI 2.68-2.73, p < 0.05), and  
<br/><br/><br/>English 
<br/><br/><label>ISSN: </label>0167-5273 
<br/><br/><label>Standard No.: </label>S0167-5273(24)00733-2 [pii] 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>*Anemia<br/>*Databases, Factual<br/>*Myocardial Infarction<br/>Aged<br/>Aged, 80 and over<br/>Anemia/ec [Economics]<br/>Anemia/ep [Epidemiology]<br/>Anemia/th [Therapy]<br/>Female<br/>Health Resources/ec [Economics]<br/>Health Resources/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]<br/>Hospital Mortality/td [Trends]<br/>Hospitalization/ec [Economics]<br/>Hospitalization/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]<br/>Humans<br/>Length of Stay/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]<br/>Male<br/>Middle Aged<br/>Myocardial Infarction/co [Complications]<br/>Myocardial Infarction/ec [Economics]<br/>Myocardial Infarction/ep [Epidemiology]<br/>Myocardial Infarction/th [Therapy]<br/>Retrospective Studies<br/>United States/ep [Epidemiology]--Automated
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Geographic Terms: </label><br/>MedStar Washington Hospital Center
<br/><br/><label>Index Terms--Occupation: </label><br/>Advanced Cardiac Catheterization Research Fellowship
<br/><br/><label>Index Terms--Function: </label><br/>Journal Article