TY - BOOK AU - Howard, Barbara V TI - Consistent directions of effect for established type 2 diabetes risk variants across populations: the population architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Consortium SN - 0012-1797 KW - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ge [Genetics] KW - *Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - *Population Groups/ge [Genetics] KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Alleles KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/eh [Ethnology] KW - Female KW - Genome-Wide Association Study KW - Genotype KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Metagenomics KW - Middle Aged KW - Risk KW - Risk Factors KW - MedStar Health Research Institute KW - Journal Article KW - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural N1 - Available online from MWHC library: 1995 - present (after 3 months), Available in print through MWHC library: 1999 - 2006 N2 - Common genetic risk variants for type 2 diabetes (T2D) have primarily been identified in populations of European and Asian ancestry. We tested whether the direction of association with 20 T2D risk variants generalizes across six major racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. as part of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology Consortium (16,235 diabetes case and 46,122 control subjects of European American, African American, Hispanic, East Asian, American Indian, and Native Hawaiian ancestry). The percentage of positive (odds ratio [OR] >1 for putative risk allele) associations ranged from 69% in American Indians to 100% in European Americans. Of the nine variants where we observed significant heterogeneity of effect by racial/ethnic group (P(heterogeneity) < 0.05), eight were positively associated with risk (OR >1) in at least five groups. The marked directional consistency of association observed for most genetic variants across populations implies a shared functional common variant in each region. Fine-mapping of all loci will be required to reveal markers of risk that are important within and across populations UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db11-1296 ER -