TY  - BOOK
AU  - Howard, Barbara V
TI  - Relation of Pregnancy Loss to Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Parous Postmenopausal Women (From the Women's Health Initiative)
SN  - 0002-9149
PY  - 2019///
KW  - *Abortion, Spontaneous/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Cardiovascular Diseases/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Postmenopause
KW  - *Risk Assessment/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Women's Health
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - United States/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - MedStar Health Research Institute
KW  - Journal Article
N1  - Available online from MWHC library: 1995 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 1999 - 2006
N2  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved; Women with history of pregnancy loss (PL) have higher burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life, yet it is unclear whether this is attributable to an association with established CVD risk factors (RFs). We examined whether PL is associated with CVD RFs and biomarkers in parous postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative, and whether the association between PL and CVD RFs accounted for the association between PL and incident CVD. Linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate associations between baseline history of PL and CVD RFs. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations between baseline history of PL and incident CVD after adjustment for baseline RFs. Of 79,121 women, 27,272 (35%) had experienced PL. History of PL was associated with higher body mass index (p < 0.0001), hypertension (p < 0.0001), diabetes (p=0.003), depression (p < 0.0001), and lower income (p < 0.0001), physical activity (p=0.01), poorer diet (p < 0.0001), smoking (p < 0.0001), and alcohol use (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for CVD RFs, PL was significantly associated with incident CVD over mean follow up of 16 years (hazard ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.16). In conclusion, several CVD RFs are associated with PL, but they do not entirely account for the association between PL and incident CVD
UR  - https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.02.012
ER  -