TY  - BOOK
AU  - Lessin, Lawrence S
TI  - Association of Hemoglobin Concentration With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Cohort of Postmenopausal Women
SN  - 0002-9262
PY  - 2016///
KW  - *Coronary Disease/mo [Mortality]
KW  - *Hemoglobins/an [Analysis]
KW  - *Mortality
KW  - *Neoplasms/mo [Mortality]
KW  - *Postmenopause/bl [Blood]
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Anemia/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Behavior
KW  - Humans
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Surveys and Questionnaires
KW  - Women's Health
KW  - MedStar Health Research Institute
KW  - Journal Article
KW  - Multicenter Study
N1  - Available online from MWHC library: 1996 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 1996 - 2006
N2  - Anemia and low and high levels of hemoglobin have been associated with increased mortality and morbidity. However, most studies have measured hemoglobin at only 1 time point, and few studies have considered possible reverse causation. We used data from the Women's Health Initiative, in which baseline hemoglobin was measured in 160,081 postmenopausal women and year 3 hemoglobin was measured in 75,658 participants, to examine the associations of hemoglobin concentration with total mortality, coronary heart disease mortality, and cancer mortality. Women were enrolled from 1993 to 1998 and followed for a median of 16 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative mortality hazards associated with deciles of baseline hemoglobin and the mean of baseline + year 3 hemoglobin. Both low and high deciles of baseline hemoglobin were positively associated with all 3 outcomes in the total cohort. In analyses restricted to women with 2 measurements, a low mean hemoglobin level was robustly and positively associated with all 3 outcomes, after exclusion of the early years of follow-up. High mean hemoglobin was also associated with increased risk of total mortality, whereas associations with heart disease mortality and cancer mortality were weaker and inconsistent. Our results provide evidence that low and high levels of hemoglobin are associated with increased risk of mortality in otherwise healthy women.; Copyright � The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com
UR  - https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv332
ER  -