Localization of superantigen virulence factors in kidney tissue of animals with Staphylococcus aureus-infected burn wounds.

MedStar author(s):
Citation: Journal of Burn Care & Research. 34(1):142-50, 2013 Jan-Feb.PMID: 23292582Institution: MedStar Washington Hospital CenterDepartment: Surgery/Burn ServicesForm of publication: Journal ArticleMedline article type(s): Journal ArticleSubject headings: *Burns/im [Immunology] | *Burns/mi [Microbiology] | *Kidney/me [Metabolism] | *Staphylococcal Infections/im [Immunology] | *Superantigens/me [Metabolism] | *Virulence Factors/me [Metabolism] | *Wound Infection/mi [Microbiology] | Animals | Biopsy | Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay | Immunohistochemistry | Rats | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction | Staphylococcal Infections/mi [Microbiology] | Staphylococcus aureusLocal holdings: Available online through MWHC library: 2006 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 2006 - presentISSN:
  • 1559-047X
Name of journal: Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn AssociationAbstract: Gram-positive organisms are often found in association with burn wounds. A paucity of information exists regarding the accumulation and fate of virulence factors from these bacteria. The superantigenic exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are potent immunomodulating proteins and have also been described to localize in the kidney. The aim of this work was to demonstrate renal accumulation of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in a methicillin-resistant S. aureus burn wound infection. Twelve Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to partial-thickness burns (2 x 2 cm) using an aluminum billet. On postburn day 1, the wounds were inoculated with a toxin-producing strain of methicillin-resistant Skin biopsies and serum were obtained on postburn days 3, 6, and 10 along with necropsies for three animals each day. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify amounts of TSST-1 and SEB. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize SEB, TSST-1, and cleaved caspase-3 in renal tissue, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess erythropoietin and endothelin-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in renal tissue. Baseline skin and plasma levels of TSST-1 and SEB were not detectable. Skin biopsy TSST-1 levels were detected on all postburn days and peaked at a mean value of 39.35 ng/ml on day 6; SEB was found in the skin and kidney only on postburn days 6 and 10. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of renal tissue for TSST-1 and SEB demonstrated significantly higher (P < .05) mean toxin concentrations on postburn day 10: 10.87 ng/ml for TSST-1 and 0.67 ng/ml for SEB. Immunohistochemistry of renal tissue demonstrated increased stain intensity for SEB, TSST-1, and cleaved caspase-3 over time. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated decreased expression erythropoietin mRNA and increased expression of endothelin-1 mRNA relative to negative controls (P < .01). In a burn wound infection model that is nonlethal and lacks bacteremia, TSST-1 and SEB traverse cutaneous wounds and localize to the kidney. These potent virulence factors may contribute to the induction of apoptosis, and may alter homeostasis via renal pathophysiology.All authors: Jordan MH, Mino MJ, Moffatt LT, Ortiz RT, Randad P, Shupp JWDigital Object Identifier: Date added to catalog: 2014-04-04
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Item type Current library Collection Call number Status Date due Barcode
Journal Article MedStar Authors Catalog Article Available 23292582

Available online through MWHC library: 2006 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 2006 - present

Gram-positive organisms are often found in association with burn wounds. A paucity of information exists regarding the accumulation and fate of virulence factors from these bacteria. The superantigenic exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are potent immunomodulating proteins and have also been described to localize in the kidney. The aim of this work was to demonstrate renal accumulation of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in a methicillin-resistant S. aureus burn wound infection. Twelve Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to partial-thickness burns (2 x 2 cm) using an aluminum billet. On postburn day 1, the wounds were inoculated with a toxin-producing strain of methicillin-resistant Skin biopsies and serum were obtained on postburn days 3, 6, and 10 along with necropsies for three animals each day. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify amounts of TSST-1 and SEB. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize SEB, TSST-1, and cleaved caspase-3 in renal tissue, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess erythropoietin and endothelin-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in renal tissue. Baseline skin and plasma levels of TSST-1 and SEB were not detectable. Skin biopsy TSST-1 levels were detected on all postburn days and peaked at a mean value of 39.35 ng/ml on day 6; SEB was found in the skin and kidney only on postburn days 6 and 10. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of renal tissue for TSST-1 and SEB demonstrated significantly higher (P < .05) mean toxin concentrations on postburn day 10: 10.87 ng/ml for TSST-1 and 0.67 ng/ml for SEB. Immunohistochemistry of renal tissue demonstrated increased stain intensity for SEB, TSST-1, and cleaved caspase-3 over time. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated decreased expression erythropoietin mRNA and increased expression of endothelin-1 mRNA relative to negative controls (P < .01). In a burn wound infection model that is nonlethal and lacks bacteremia, TSST-1 and SEB traverse cutaneous wounds and localize to the kidney. These potent virulence factors may contribute to the induction of apoptosis, and may alter homeostasis via renal pathophysiology.

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