Vaccination Ameliorates Cellular Inflammatory Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections.

MedStar author(s):
Citation: Journal of Infectious Diseases. 228(1):46-58, 2023 06 28.PMID: 36801946Institution: MedStar Heart & Vascular InstituteForm of publication: Journal ArticleMedline article type(s): Journal Article | Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralSubject headings: *COVID-19 | Breakthrough Infections | Female | Humans | Prospective Studies | SARS-CoV-2 | Vaccination | Year: 2023Local holdings: Available online from MWHC library: April 1997 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 1999 - presentISSN:
  • 0022-1899
Name of journal: The Journal of infectious diseasesAbstract: BACKGROUND: Data on cellular immune responses in persons with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection following vaccination are limited. The evaluation of these patients with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections may provide insight into how vaccinations limit the escalation of deleterious host inflammatory responses.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections exhibit cellular immune responses that limit the progression of inflammatory responses and suggest mechanisms by which vaccination limits disease severity. These data may have implications for developing more effective vaccines and therapies. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04401449. Copyright Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023.METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of peripheral blood cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in 21 vaccinated patients, all with mild disease, and 97 unvaccinated patients stratified based on disease severity.RESULTS: We enrolled 118 persons (aged 50 years [SD 14.5 years], 52 women) with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Compared to unvaccinated patients, vaccinated patients with breakthrough infections had a higher percentage of antigen-presenting monocytes (HLA-DR+), mature monocytes (CD83+), functionally competent T cells (CD127+), and mature neutrophils (CD10+); and lower percentages of activated T cells (CD38+), activated neutrophils (CD64+), and immature B cells (CD127+CD19+). These differences widened with increased disease severity in unvaccinated patients. Longitudinal analysis showed that cellular activation decreased over time but persisted in unvaccinated patients with mild disease at 8-month follow-up.All authors: Aboye EA, Adelsberger J, Barnett C, Chertow D, Childs R, Davey R, Demirkale CY, Dewar R, Gairhe S, Higgins J, Highbarger HC, Huapaya JA, Kanth S, Kovacs JA, Krack J, Kuruppu J, Lallemand P, Laverdure S, Li W, Pastor G, Regenold D, Rehman T, Rupert A, Sahagun SJ, Strich JR, Suffredini AF, Swaim D, Teferi G, Torabi-Parizi PFiscal year: FY2023Digital Object Identifier: Date added to catalog: 2023-07-27
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Item type Current library Collection Call number Status Date due Barcode
Journal Article MedStar Authors Catalog Article 36801946 Available 36801946

Available online from MWHC library: April 1997 - present, Available in print through MWHC library: 1999 - present

BACKGROUND: Data on cellular immune responses in persons with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection following vaccination are limited. The evaluation of these patients with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections may provide insight into how vaccinations limit the escalation of deleterious host inflammatory responses.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections exhibit cellular immune responses that limit the progression of inflammatory responses and suggest mechanisms by which vaccination limits disease severity. These data may have implications for developing more effective vaccines and therapies. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04401449. Copyright Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of peripheral blood cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in 21 vaccinated patients, all with mild disease, and 97 unvaccinated patients stratified based on disease severity.

RESULTS: We enrolled 118 persons (aged 50 years [SD 14.5 years], 52 women) with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Compared to unvaccinated patients, vaccinated patients with breakthrough infections had a higher percentage of antigen-presenting monocytes (HLA-DR+), mature monocytes (CD83+), functionally competent T cells (CD127+), and mature neutrophils (CD10+); and lower percentages of activated T cells (CD38+), activated neutrophils (CD64+), and immature B cells (CD127+CD19+). These differences widened with increased disease severity in unvaccinated patients. Longitudinal analysis showed that cellular activation decreased over time but persisted in unvaccinated patients with mild disease at 8-month follow-up.

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