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Pseudohyperkalemia: Three Cases and a Review of Literature. [Review]

MedStar author(s):

Citation: American Journal of Medicine. 2022 Apr 07PMID: 35398330Department: MedStar Georgetown University Hospital/MedStar Washington Hospital Center | Nephrology FellowshipForm of publication: Journal ArticleMedline article type(s): Journal Article | ReviewSubject headings: IN PROCESS -- NOT YET INDEXEDYear: 2022 ISSN:

0002-9343

Name of journal: The American journal of medicineAbstract: Hyperkalemia is a potentially fatal complication requiring prompt diagnosis and management. However, pseudohyperkalemia, defined as an artificial rise in serum potassium (Sk) is also an important diagnosis since management differs. Pseudohyperkalemia can result from multiple factors including excessive potassium leakage from cells of the forearm during blood collection due to release from exercising muscle during fist clenching while washout is prevented by tourniquet application, hemolysis, problems with sample transport, pre-analysis or contamination, cell damage and metabolic changes, familial conditions that permit excessive K+ leak from erythrocytes after blood sampling and leukocytosis or thrombocytosis. In this review, we will discuss the major causes of pseudohyperkalemia, how to avoid certain diagnostic pitfalls, and comment on the clinical importance of recognizing these false readings. We will review three clinical cases seen in our Nephrology and Hypertension clinic that illustrate some of these problems. Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.All authors: Jain A, Pourafshar N, Saleh-Anaraki K, Wilcox CSFiscal year: FY2022 Digital Object Identifier:

https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.01.036

Date added to catalog: 2022-05-11

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Title notes ( 2 )

Holdings
Item type	Current library	Collection	Call number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Journal Article	MedStar Authors Catalog	Article	35398330	Available		35398330

Hyperkalemia is a potentially fatal complication requiring prompt diagnosis and management. However, pseudohyperkalemia, defined as an artificial rise in serum potassium (Sk) is also an important diagnosis since management differs. Pseudohyperkalemia can result from multiple factors including excessive potassium leakage from cells of the forearm during blood collection due to release from exercising muscle during fist clenching while washout is prevented by tourniquet application, hemolysis, problems with sample transport, pre-analysis or contamination, cell damage and metabolic changes, familial conditions that permit excessive K+ leak from erythrocytes after blood sampling and leukocytosis or thrombocytosis. In this review, we will discuss the major causes of pseudohyperkalemia, how to avoid certain diagnostic pitfalls, and comment on the clinical importance of recognizing these false readings. We will review three clinical cases seen in our Nephrology and Hypertension clinic that illustrate some of these problems. Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.

English